1. What is contemporary
technology?
Contemporary
Technology refers to the latest innovation and technology that has become a
part of our daily life. These technologies have great influence over the life
of humans. Services like E-mail, E-Commerce, chat, Video Conferencing, and Live
streaming are some of the common contemporary technology that we encounter on
daily basis.
2. What is Cloud Computing? Write with examples.
Cloud Computing is the use of hardware and software
to deliver a service over a network (typically the Internet). With cloud
computing, users can access files and use applications from any device that can
access the Internet. Examples of Cloud Computing
a) Drop box, Face book, Gmail b) Google
Drive, Apple iCloud c) Google
Photos, Online Photoshop
3. What are the uses of Cloud Computing?
a) Store, backup and recovers data b) Host
websites and blogs c) Make communication and send emails
4. Write advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing.
Advantages:
- Cloud allows us to quickly
and easily access store information anywhere, anytime in the whole world, using
an internet connection.
- Once the data is stored in
the cloud, it is easier to get back-up and restore that data using the cloud.
- Cloud computing allows us
to easily access all cloud data via mobile.
- Data security is one of
the biggest advantages of cloud computing. Data is securely stored and handled.
Disadvantages
- If you do
not have good internet connectivity, you cannot access these data.
- While sending the data on the cloud, there may be
a chance that your organization's information is hacked by Hackers.
-
The cloud providers may sometimes face technical outages that can happen due to
various reasons, such as loss of power, low Internet connectivity, etc.
- Cloud
computing companies fail to provide proper support to the customers.
5. What are the types of cloud computing?
Clouds can be classified as public,
private, and hybrid.
Public cloud is made available to the general
public or a large industry
group.
Private cloud computing environment resides within the boundaries of an
organization and is used exclusively for the organizational benefits
Hybrid cloud is the combination of both
public and private cloud. It might run non-core applications in a public cloud,
while maintaining core applications and data in a private cloud.
6. What are service model provided by cloud computing?
1. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service):
In this service, computing infrastructural components
like server hardware, storage, bandwidth, and other fundamental computing
resources are provided through the cloud.
2 Saas (Software as a Service): This service includes complete software on the can
access software hosted on the cloud without installing it on the user's own
computer.
3. PaaS (Platform as a Service): It allows the user to rent virtualized servers and associated services used to run existing
applications, or to design, develop, test, deploy and host applications.
7. What is Artificial intelligence? Write its applications.
Artificial
intelligence (AI) is an area of computer science that emphasizes the creation
of intelligent machines that work and reacts like humans. John McCarthy coined the term Artificial
Intelligence in the year 1955.
Applications of AI
a)
Gaming − AI plays crucial role in strategic games
such as chess, poker, tic-tac-toe, etc., where machine can think of large
number of possible positions.
b)
Natural Language Processing − It is possible to
interact with the computer that understands natural language spoken by humans. c. Expert
Systems d. Vision
Systems e) Intelligent Robots
Examples of AI
a)
Siri / Alexa- both use AI to help you complete
tasks or answer questions on your mobile devices.
b)
Netflix / Youtube - uses advanced predictive technology
to suggest shows based on your viewing preferences or rating.
c)
Facebook Feed - filter content
that is most likely to be of interest to the particular Facebook user and
predict what they will want to see.
8.
What is Virtual Reality? Write its uses.
An artificial environment created
with computer hardware and software and presented to the user in such a way that it appears and feels like a
real environment.
To "enter" a virtual reality, a user wears special
gloves, earphones, and goggles, all of which receive their input from the computer system.
Application areas
of VR
a)
It can be used in medical studies to enable
students to know the human body structure.
b)
It can be used in scientific research
laboratories so that scientist can easily research on a specific topic.
c)
It can be used in entertainment like in games
and movies to make the gaming experience more real and to allow individual to
experience adventures under extreme conditions.
d)
It can be used in driving schools as it gives a
real look of roads and traffic.
9.
What is E-Governance? Describe its model.
It is the use of ICT and its application by the government
for the provision of information and public services to the people. The basic purpose of e-governance is to simplify processes for all, i.e.
government, citizens, businesses, etc. at National, State and local levels.
Models of
E-Governance
Government-to-Citizen(G2C)
G2C-is transaction between the government to citizens. It helps the ordinary people to reduce the time and cost to conduct a
transaction and access to the services anytime from anywhere which includes
online registration of birth/ death/marriage certificates, filling of income
taxes, electricity bills, license renewals etc.
Government-to-business
(G2B)
G2B it is the transaction between government to business. It
enhances the efficiency and quality of communication and transparency of
government projects which includes online application forms, renewing licenses,
registration etc.
Government-to-Government
(G2G)
G2G it is the
transaction between government to government and share the same database using
online communication. It provides safe and secure inter-relationship between
domestic or foreign government.
Government-to-Employee
(G2E)
G2E it is the transaction between government to employee for
providing online facilities to the
employees like applying for leave, reviewing salary payment record and checking
the balance of holiday.
it is also the relationship between employees,
government institutions, and their management.
10. What are the advantages and disadvantages
of E-government?
Advantages of E-Governance
a)
Electronic technologies make communication
better, and faster. It will take very less time for any policy, or scheme to
reach to the people.
b) The use of
e-governance helps make all functions of the business transparent. All
the information of each and every policy will be directly available to the
citizens.
Disadvantages of E-Governance
a)
Loss of Interpersonal
Communication
b)
High Setup Cost and
Technical Difficulties
c)
Leakage of Personal
Information
d)
Cybercrime
11. What is Mobile Computing? Write its features and benefits.
A
technology that allows access and transmission of data, voice and video via a
computer or any other wireless enabled device without having to be connected to
a fixed physical link at anytime and anywhere.
Benefits
of Mobile Computing
a)
Connectivity: You
can stay connected to all sources at all times.
b)
Social Engagement: You
can interact with a variety of users via the Internet.
c) Personalization: You
can modify your mobile computing to your individual needs.
Features
of Mobile Computing
a)
Easy to handle and carry these small devices.
b) Ability to share data and collaboration between users.
c)
Data can be transferred easily between users. d) The presence of high speed connections has also
promoted the use of mobile computing.
12. What is The Internet of Things (IoT)? Write its
components.
A system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and
digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with
unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a
network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
— The term "The Internet
of Things" was coined by Kevin Ashton in a presentation to Proctor &
Gamble in 1999.
—
A
technology that connects all electronic devices together and prompts them to
exchange information without any human intervention.
Components
of IoT
a)
Sensors/Devices - Sensors/Devices collect data
from their environment. e.g. Our phone is a device that has multiple sensors
like GPS, camera, Motion etc. where data is being collected based on
surroundings
b)
Connectivity to Cloud - The sensors/devices can
be connected to the cloud and store, through a variety of methods including:
Bluetooth, WiFi, Cellular etc.
c)
Data Processing - Software perform data
processing on cloud data to get a analyzed or computed data. e.g Computing the temperature within an
acceptable range.
d)
User Interface - The analyzed or computed data
is made useful to the end user via and alert(email, text, notification). e.g a
alert message when temperature is beyond the acceptable range.
13. What are the application field of IoT? Applications
of Internet of Things (IoT)
a)
Smart home - Smart home encapsulates the
connectivity inside your homes. It includes smoke detectors, home appliances,
light bulbs, windows, door locks, etc.
b)
Smart City - Smart city offers all types of use
cases which include traffic management, water distribution, waste management,
etc.
c)
Parking Sensors - IOT technology helps users to
identify the real-time availability of parking spaces on their phone.
d)
Connected Cars - IOT helps automobile companies
handle billing, parking, insurance, and other related stuff automatically.
e)
Activity Trackers - Helps you to capture heart
rate pattern, calorie expenditure, activity levels, and skin temperature on
your wrist.
14. What are the advantages and disadvantages of
IoT?
Advantage of IOT
a)
Accessing information is easy; you can control a
device that is miles apart in real time.
b)
Communication between the connected devices
becomes more transparent and easier.
c)
Transferring data packets over a network reduces
both time and money.
d)
Automation is the need of the hour; IOT reduces
human intervention and efficiency of services
Disadvantage of IOT
a)
There is a huge risk of leakage of confidential
data, when sent over a network.
b)
Due to its complex network, a single loophole
can put the entire system down, affecting everyone.
c)
With automation, the need of human labor reduces
drastically.
d)
Today’s lifestyle is technology driven, we
depend on the technology for the tiniest of tasks.
15. What is E-learning? Write its advantages and
disadvantages.
E-learning is a new concept of delivering digital
contents in learner oriented environment using information and communication
technology (ICT). Delivery of the digital content is the main characteristic of
e-learning.
Advantages of e-learning:
a) It is easy for
customization.
b) There is no any
geographical limitation for learning.
c) It is quite favorable for
learner as it can happen at any time and anywhere.
d) It reduces or eliminates
travel costs to attend learning events.
e) It reduces or eliminates
need for classroom/instructor infrastructure.
Disadvantages of e-learning:
a) Learners with low
motivation or bad study habits may fall behind
b) Students may feel
isolated from the instructor and classmates
c) Instructor may not always
be available when students are studying or need help
d) Slow Internet connections
or older computers may make accessing course materials frustrating
e) Managing computer files
and online learning software can sometimes seem complex for students with
beginner-level computer skills
16.
What is E-Banking? Write its features.
It is the facility provided by bank to conduct
financial transactions via the Internet like funds transfer, payment of bills,
opening bank accounts online, and much more. A
customer needs a device, an Internet connection, and a bank card to register.
Features
of E-Banking
a)
Faster Transactions
b)
Lowers Transaction
Cost
c)
Provides 24×7 Service -
d)
Reduces The Chances of
Error
e)
Develops Loyalty in
Customers
17. What is internet banking? Write its features,
advantages and disadvantages.
Internet
Banking
It is
the facility offered by banks and financial institutions that allow
customers to use banking services over the internet. Customers need not visit
their bank’s branch office to avail each and every small service by using PC or
laptop and smart phone with internet connection.
—
Kumari
Bank was the initiator of internet banking in Nepal. It started its
e-banking services in 2002.
Features
of Internet Banking
a)
The customer can view account statements.
b)
The customer can check the history of the transactions
for a given period by the concerned bank.
c)
Bank, statements, various types of forms,
applications can be downloaded.
d)
The customer can transfer funds, pay any kind of
bill, recharge mobiles, DTH connections, etc.
e)
The customer can buy and sell on e-commerce
platforms.
Advantages
of Internet Banking
a)
The customers get permanent access to his/her
bank anytime and anywhere.
b)
Transactions are safe and highly secure.
c)
Immediate funds transfer helps the user in time
of urgent need.
d)
It saves valuable time of the users.
Disadvantages of Internet Banking
a)
Internet Requirement
b)
Transaction Security
c) Difficult for Beginners
d)
Securing Password
18.
What is mobile banking?
Mobile banking is the act of making financial transactions on
a mobile device (cell phone, tablet, etc.).
by
downloading Mobile App or SMS system and used
for balance inquiry, transaction history, fund transfer,
utility payment, merchant payment, third party payment, etc.
