Contemporary (Modern) Technology
E-Commerce
E-commerce
stands for electronic commerce that deals with online transactions. E-commerce
is usually associated with buying and selling over the internet, or conducting
any transaction involving the transfer of ownership or rights to use goods or
services through a computer mediated network.
E-Business
E-Business stands for electronic business which covers online
transactions, but also extends to all internet based interactions with business
partners, suppliers and customer such as selling direct to consumers,
manufactures and suppliers; monitoring and exchanging information, auction
surplus inventory and collaborative product design. These online interactions
are aimed at improving or transforming business processes and efficiency using
information and communication technology.
Types of e-commerce
a.
Business to consumer (B2C)
In B2C, business house or
organization sells products or services directly to consumers. It is applicable
in the following areas: retail sales, online airline ticket purchasing, online
share purchasing, online hotel rooms booking etc. examples: amazon.com,
eDiets.com, etc.
b.
Consumer to Consumer (C2C)
It facilitates the online
transaction of goods or services between two peoples. In C2C, consumers sell
directly to other consumers. It includes selling of personal services or
expertise. Example: ebay.com, infoRocket.com, etc.
c.
Consumer to business (C2B)
In C2B, consumers fix price
on their own, which business accept or decline. This mechanism is also known as
demand collection system. Example: Praceline.com
d.
Business to Business (B2B)
In B2B, business house or
organization sells products or services to other business or bring multiple
buyers and sellers together in a central marketplace. Examples: SHOP2gether.com,
Metalsite.com, dell.com, etc.
Advantages of
e-Commerce
-
It makes buying /selling procedure faster, as well as easy to find
products.
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It makes buying/ selling possible.
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There are no theoretical geographic limitations hence more reach to
customers.
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It reduces operational costs and provides better quality of services.
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It is easy to start and mange a business.
Disadvantages of
e-Commerce
-
Any one, good or bad, can easily start a business. And there are many
bad sites.
-
There is no guarantee of product quality.
-
Mechanical failures can cause unpredictable effects on the total
process.
-
There are many hackers who look for opportunities, and thus an
ecommerce site, service, payment gateways; all are always prone to attack.
e-Learning
It stands for electronic
learning. As its name implies, it is the teaching learning methodology using
electronic media. It is a new concept of delivering digital contents in learner
oriented environment using information and communication technology. Delivery
of the digital content is the main characteristics of e-learning.
Advantages of
e-learning
-
It maintains the consistency of content.
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It is easy for customization.
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There is no any geographical limitation for learning.
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It is quite favourable for learner as it can happen at any time and
anywhere.
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It reduces or eliminates travel costs to attend learning events.
E-Governance
E-governance is the use of
ICT or computing technology to enhance the access and delivering of government
service to benefit citizen, business partners and employees. It transforms the
traditional government activities into ICT based operation. It is not only about developing a government
website but to provide all the required information, services through the
electronic media.
Components of E-governance
a. G2G b. G2C
c. G2B d. C2G
Objectives/Importance
of E-governance (why e-governance?)
-
E-governance refers to the provision of online public services to
citizens and businesses.
-
Services for citizens include registration to government services such
as health care, education or employment benefits.
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For business, e-governance services can take the form of online, alters
for public procurements or funding opportunities as well as information and
support on applicable legislation in a given sector.
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E-governance helps to cut down their administrative costs, speed up
procedures and therefore increases their efficiency and reactivity.
-
It could improve and accelerate administrative efficiency.
Challenges of
implementation of e-governance in Nepal?
Despite the government of
Nepal has positively giving attention towards the development of ICTs and
subsequent implementing e-governance, a number of issues has yet addressed.
Some of the challenges for successful implementation of e-governance are:
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High speed infrastructure to access the internet is required.
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Creating trust and transparency for successful delivery of e-governance
service.
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Digital divide exist in developing countries. All the citizens may not
have knowledge about ICT.
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Network security and protection against virus, spam, unwanted attacks,
etc.
-
Online privacy.
All the citizens may not have access to computing
resources. 
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